Liposuction can remove localized fat deposits from almost any area of the body. Many plastic surgeons use an "ultrasonic" technique, during which sound waves liquefy fat cells before liposuction begins. This allows the elimination of more tissue, especially in difficult to treat areas such as "love handles" and the upper abdomen. Ultrasound breaks up fibrous tissue in the fat, and gives smoother results than with other types of liposuction. By injecting saline, anesthetic solution and epinephrine during liposuction ("tumescent" liposuction), bruising is minimized. Incisions for liposuction are small and easily hidden. Also called a "tummy tuck", abdominoplasty can remove excess skin and fat, stretch marks, and scars on the lower abdomen. It corrects unwanted changes that are left after weight loss or childbirth. The procedure also tightens the abdominal muscles and decreases the waistline. Abdominoplasty does not involve entering the abdomen itself, only more superficial areas of the body. The incisions for this procedure extend from just below the pubic line to the belly button. A total body lift rejuvenates the skin and removes fat from the entire abdomen, thighs and buttocks. A body lift fixes abdominal skin excess, hanging buttocks and sagging thighs. The best candidates for this procedure have hanging skin but only modest amounts of fat. Patients are usually in their late thirties to fifties, or have lost a lot of weight. The incision for a body lift is hidden below the bikini line. Breast augmentation more commonly known as a boob job, can be used to increase the size of small breasts, or in cases of lost breast volume or "droopiness" that occurs after breast-feeding or weight loss. Most implants used by board certified plastic surgeons are made of saline solution, so there is no danger if any leakage occurs. The implants are generally smooth because textured implants can cause rippling of the skin. To provide an ideal result, this procedure can be combined with a breast lift in some patients with significant "drooping". Nipple sensation and breast-feeding are usually not effected by augmentation. The most common side effect is the formation of a "capsule" of scar tissue around the implant, which makes the implant feel hard. Many plastic surgeons minimize this by placing the implant under the muscle, as well as by using meticulous techniques to limit bleeding and the chance of infection. Incisions are hidden in the armpit or under the nipple. Breast lifts elevate the breast and nipple, creating a more youthful appearance. The number and type of incisions depends on the extent of surgery needed by each patient. A plastic surgeon's goal is to decrease the overall number of incisions, basing their decisions on the amount of correction required. Implants are often combined with a breast lift to minimize the need for incisions.
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