However, this picture is quickly changing as groundwater increasingly supplants surface water in many areas of the world as the primary and preferred source of water for all types of use, i.e. domestic, agricultural (crop and livestock) and industrial. The irrigated area lists the countries Algeria, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Yemen, as those depending more on groundwater than surface water for their irrigation. About half the population in the United States relies on groundwater as a source of drinking water, supply their factories with process water and for farm irrigation. For all those who rely on it, it is critical that their groundwater be unpolluted and relatively free of undesirable contaminants. A groundwater pollutant is any substance that, when it reaches an aquifer, makes the water unclean or otherwise unsuitable for a particular purpose. Sometimes the substance is a manufactured chemical, but just as often it might be microbial contamination. Contamination also can occur from naturally occurring mineral and metallic deposits in rock and soil. Some of the contaminants from Agricultural, Residential, Industrial. Natural sources are Primary inorganic substances: Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Cyanide, Fluoride, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Nitrate, Nitrite and Selenium Secondary inorganic substances: Aluminum, Chloride, Iron, Manganese, Silver, Sodium, Sulfate and Zinc Volatile organic compounds: Benzene, Carbon Tetrachloride, Cis-1, 2-Dichlorethylene, 1, 2-Dicholoethane, Dichloromethane1, 2-Dichlorophane, Ethylbenzene, Monochlorobenzene. Synthetic Organic Chemicals: Alachor, Atrazine, Benzo(a) pyrene, Carbofuran, Chlorodane, Dalapon, Hexachlorobenzene, Hexachlorocyclo-Pentadiene, Oxymyl (vydate), Pentachlorophenol, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) etc. VOC and GAC VOCs have become of primary concern as they have little affinity for soil, and thus rapidly pass through the soil and enter the aquifer. Once in the aquifer, the VOCs can migrate quickly in the groundwater and since they are often resistant to natural degradation, they can persist for long periods of time. Adsorption with granular activated carbon (GAC) is a treatment technology that is now widely accepted for removal of these VOCs from groundwater. The acceptance of GAC adsorption is, in part, based on its long history of effectively removing organic contaminants from groundwater. The success of GAC in removing these types of organic contaminants has resulted in the SDWA Amendments stating that other treatment techniques must be at least as effective as GAC in order to be considered as a "Best Available Technology. Thus, GAC has been established as the benchmark technology, and its use should be considered in any evaluation of technologies for treatment of groundwater. BOYCE GAC SOLUTIONS FOR GROUND WATER REMEDIATIONS: Boyce Granular activated carbon gained experience in all aspects of ground water remediation. BOYCE grades of GACs are designed to remove 83 specific contaminants reported to cover under the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). In situ flushing systems An in situ flushing system is a remediation technique that may be used on a zone of contaminated ground water. Boyce Carbon supplies special grades of Granular activated carbons to be used for the treatment of solution in the extraction wells of these systems. Typically Boyce GAC are best grades recommended based on the types of impurities to be removed. Air sparging Air sparging is an In situ groundwater remediation technology that involves the injection of a gas (usually air) under pressure, into a well installed in the contaminated zone. Boyce GAC may be needed to polish the vapor stream to comply with organics emissions limits in air sparging ground water remediation technology. Direct Adsorption Treating contaminated water source directly with activated carbon is such a solution for many remediation problems. Usually granular grade like Boyce GAC 830R is used. For waters containing high levels of suspended solids that will generate sludge, Boyce powdered activated carbon may be added directly to the mixture, treating the water and then settling with the rest of the sludge. The carbon will stabilize of â€fix†impurities within the sludge and improve its dewatering characteristics In â€well vapor stripping In-well vapor stripping involves the creation of a groundwater circulation pattern and simultaneously aeration within the stripping well to volatilize VOCs from well water. The VOCs being removed from the well are in the gas phase and therefore a gas phase carbon should be used to capture the vapors. Boyce supplies gas phase carbon grades required for In-well Vapor stripping .The smaller mesh size of the Boyce Activated carbon is preferred for this purpose Air stripping. When treating with high concentrations of organic impurities, particularly if they are volatile compounds, it is often more economical to use air stripping technique. Fortunately Boyce also manufactures gas phase carbon grades such as Boyce Granular activated carbons are very effective at adsorbing most VOCs. Have more questions? Please give us a call for multiple sack or pallet orders +9198420 91301 (or) mail@boyce.in .
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