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Low Volume Of Semen - Main Causes Of Infertility In Humans

By: willam jane Home | Health-and-Fitness


Introduction

The main causes of infertility in humans are represented by a low volume of semen. In addition, other causes may cause this issue to the limited mobility of sperm or poor sperm quality. A low volume of semen can have a negative effect on the quality of realtion life and self-confidence. Many men suffer from this condition which is caused by many factors. The male infertility is associated with alterations in sperm parameters. Sperm abnormalities may be due to infectious causes, environmental, trauma, and malformations and genetic. Different genetic causes of male infertility have been described such as CFTR gene mutations, syndrome, chromosomal translocations and micro deletions of chromosome Y.

Among infertile men, the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities is increased. Among these chromosomal abnormalities are most frequent. The men carrying a translocation produce a significant percentage of sperm with a combination of the unbalanced translocation, leading to a risk more or less important imbalance for their offspring.

Currently, the mechanisms that determine the genetic quality of gametes are poorly understood. Some genetic factors such as apoptosis may be involved in the meiotic process in germ cells. Recent studies have shown that apoptosis is one of the main physiological mechanisms of regulation during spermatogenesis in.

Apoptosis is triggered by different stimuli and is reflected at the cellular level by activation of an enzyme cascade, the way of campuses, end-nucleases that generate DNA double strand of 200 base pairs with 3'-ends OH free. Apoptosis in human sperm can be studied by the detection of DNA fragments of sperm. In humans, fragments of DNA are physiologically present at certain stages of spermatogenesis. The presence of DNA breaks in ejaculated sperm is a reflection of abnormal spermatogenesis. For the TUNEL method, an increase of sperm with fragmented DNA was observed in populations of infertile men.

In order to determine a correlation between chromosomal abnormalities and apoptosis in human sperm, we analyzed DNA fragmentation and sperm meiotic segregation in male carriers of a translocation.

Sperm characteristics

After semen collection by self-masturbation in a sterile container and liquefaction at room temperature, sperm parameters were analyzed: volume and pH of the ejaculate, concentration, mobility rapid progressive, slow and non-progressive and vitality of sperm.

Apoptosis in sperm

The percentage of DNA fragmentation of sperm is significantly higher among male carriers of translocations compared to the control population (p = 0.0036).
Meiotic segregation

The proportion of unbalanced spermatozoa for chromosomes 13 and 14 was significantly higher in men carriers of translocations (13, 14) compared with the control population (p = 0.00016).

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