Mining Terminology - C Having undying dedication for achieving constant growth in mining and exploration, Rachana Global provides industry’s best mining services. Stated below are mining terms that Rachana Global generally makes use of for various mining purposes. Cage - In a mine shaft, the device, similar to an elevator car, that is used for hoisting personnel and materials is a cage. Calcine - Name given to concentrate that is ready for smelting. Calorific value - The quantity of heat that can be liberated from one pound of coal or oil measured in BTU's. Cannel coal - A massive, non-caking block coal with a fine, even grain and a conchoidal fracture which has a high percentage of hydrogen, burns with a long, yellow flame, and is extremely easy to ignite. Canopy - A protective covering of a cab on a mining machine. Car - A railway wagon, especially any of the wagons adapted to carrying coal, ore, and waste underground. Cast - A directed throw; in strip-mining, the overburden is cast from the coal to the previously mined area. Chock - Large hydraulic jacks used to support roof in longwall and shortwall mining systems. Chute - An opening usually constructed of timber and equipped with a gate, through which ore is drawn from a stope into mine cars. Clarification - Process of clearing dirty water by removing suspended material. Clean Coal Technologies †A number of innovative, new technologies designed to use coal in a more efficient and cost-effective manner while enhancing environmental protection. Several promising technologies include: fluidized-bed combustion, integrated gasification combined cycle, limestone injection multi-stage burner, enhanced flue gas desulfurization (or "scrubbing"), coal liquefaction and coal gasification. Cleat - The vertical cleavage of coal seams. The main set of joints along which coal breaks when mined. Coal desulphurisation - Removal of sulphur from coal or coal gas. Coke †A hard, dry carbon substance produced by heating coal to a very high temperature in the absence of air. Coke is used in the manufacture of iron and steel. Column flotation - A milling process, carried out in a tall cylindrical column, whereby valuable minerals are separated from gangue minerals based on their wetability properties. Comminution - The breaking, crushing, or grinding of coal, ore, or rock. Complex ore - An ore containing a number of minerals of economic value. The term often implies that there are metallurgical difficulties in liberating and separating the valuable metals. Concentrator - A milling plant that produces a concentrate of the valuable minerals or metals. Concentration: Concentration is the process of separating valuable mineral (concentrate) and waste material (tailings) from the milled ore. It is a vital economic step in the production process because it reduces the volume of material which must be transported to and processed in a smelter and refinery. Continuous miner - A machine that constantly extracts coal while it loads it. This is to be distinguished from a conventional, or cyclic, unit which must stop the extraction process in order for loading to commence. Conventional mining †The first fully-mechanized underground mining method involving the insertion of explosives in a coal seam, the blasting of the seam, and the removal of the coal onto a conveyor or shuttle car by a loading machine. Conveyor - An apparatus for moving material from one point to another in a continuous fashion. This is accomplished with an endless (that is, looped) procession of hooks, buckets, wide rubber belt, etc. Cone crusher - A machine which crushes ore between a gyrating cone or crushing head and an inverted, truncated cone known as a bowl. Core sample †A cylinder sample generally 1-5" in diameter drilled out of an area to determine the geologic and chemical analysis of the overburden and coal. Crosscut - A passageway driven between the entry and its parallel air course or air courses for ventilation purposes. Crusher - A machine for crushing rock or other materials. Among the various types of crushers are the ball mill, gyratory crusher, Handsel mill, hammer mill, jaw crusher, rod mill, rolls, stamp mill, and tube mill. Custom smelter - A smelter which processes concentrates from independent mines. Cyanidation - A method of extracting exposed gold or silver grains from crushed or ground ore by dissolving it in a weak cyanide solution. May be carried out in tanks inside a mill or in heaps of ore out of doors. Cycle mining - A system of mining in more than one working place at a time, that is, a miner takes a lift from the face and moves to another face while permanent roof support is established in the previous working face.
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