The textile sector in India is witnessing a strong revival since some time in history. As a result of this improvement, the textile machinery segment is hugely benefiting as demand for textile machines is rapidly increasing in the country particularly for the ones that relate to the weaving industries. The machines used in weaving industries are generally known as weaving machines. These machines are commonly used for weaving purposes where the threads are interlaced to make the cloth. Weaving is generally a process where woven fabrics are produced using two kinds of yarns. The vertical or length wise yarns are called warp yarns and the width wise yarns of fabric are called weft yarns. They both are interlaced together to produce woven fabric in the weaving machine which is called loom. However there are some preparatory processes to be done before weaving process starts like making of warper beams for weaving and sizing processes. The machines used during these weaving preparatory processes are generally referred as weaving preparatory machines. Some of the common names of weaving preparatory machines include warping machines, sizing machines, narrow fabric machines like needle looms, drum warping machines, selvedge warping machines, textile measuring machines, textile dyeing machines and textile winding machines, warp beam handling machines, warping creels, sectional warpers, direct warpers, single end warping machines, indigo dyeing machines etc. With advancing technology newer models of textile weaving preparatory machinery are now available for better, faster and high quality fabric production. Now-a-days these machines have highly advanced features like advanced technology laser sensors for contactless pitch measurement, precision linear guides for accurate and reliable machine traversal, section tension controls or tension adjustment devices, automatic beam alignment, automatic stopping devices, operating panel hand held controllers for all beaming and sizing functions. With all these latest features enabled in today’s machines the present day weaving preparatory devices have become faster, reliable and highly productive devices for better quality fabric production. The world of fabrics is changing day-by-day and equally advancing is the technology. To meet the needs of this ever changing world of fabrics, the textile machinery manufacturers are now using the innovative technologies to build faster and highly reliable textile machines which can produce better quality of fabrics at rapid rate. The machines used for weaving fabrics are generally known as weaving machines. Weaving machines are generally classified as shuttle weaving machines, circular weaving machines and narrow fabric weaving machines. The shuttle machines generally use shuttle for weaving through wefts and are mainly used for weaving silk fabrics where as circular machines mainly find their use in cotton weaving. The narrow fabric machines also known as needle looms or jacquard looms use an electronically controlled thread carrier or eye point needle for weaving purpose. In these needle looms the weft thread or the horizontal thread used for interlacing is carried through the shed by a long eye-pointed needle instead of by a shuttle. The needle looms available now-a-days are multiple use machines designed to weave high quality narrow fabrics like elastics, webbings, rigid tapes of cotton, nylon, satin fabrics and zipper tapes. These needle looms can also be equipped with mechanical jacquards or electronic jacquards to manufacture tapes as per one’s requisite requirements. These tapes after manufacture are generally measured and wound into rolls or spools. This is done using measuring machines, spool winding machines and roll winding machines that are generally equipped with advanced automatic technologies for winding. The tapes without any tangle or twists can be festooned into carton boxes using machines called festooning machines. However before all this the basic step of any type of weaving is warping and beaming. In warping and beaming series of yarn beams are to be pre-produced for weaving. The machines used for this purpose are generally known as warping machines. There are different kinds of warping machines like sectional warping machines, drum warping machines, selvedge warping machines, ball warping machines, single end warping machines, direct warping machines etc. All these machines used for weaving narrow fabrics which can be used for different purposes and therefore used for applications in various industries like garment industry automotive industry, marine industry and in preparation of elastic tapes used for specialty purposes. Earlier the textiles or fabrics were woven by hand and thus process of textile production was rather very time consuming and difficult. But now with advancing technology various kinds of machines have been developed which have made textile production a simpler and easier process. Some of the popular textile machines used now-a-days for textile production are warping machines, sizing machines, narrow fabric machines, warping creels, single end warping machines,textile dyeing machines like machines for indigo dyeing, textile finishing machines, winding machines, automated sectional warpers etc. Machines used for textile sizing are generally known as sizing machines. Textile sizing is an important process required for strengthening the warp yarn and thus is key process for successful textile weaving. In the sizing process the textile sizing chemicals such as modified starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), acrylates are applied on the yarn to protect it from damages. The main function of this process is to produce weavability in the warp. With sizing the hairiness of yarn will reduce and the strength and abrasion resistance of the yarn will greatly improve thus reducing the breakage of yarn and helping in efficient and quality weaving. The defects in yarn due to excessive tension and low strength in the yarn will result in breaks or stops during weaving process and this is the main reason why warps are sized using the sizing machines. These sizing machines are responsible for applying the sizing materials to the fabric. Generally fiber sizing machines generally take warp thread material from either a warp beam or take several thread beams simultaneously. The warp threads are pre-wetted and impregnated with sizing liquor in a second immersion bath. The threads are then passed through combs that prevent them from sticking together. The parallel threads are then dried on the sizing machine cylinders and rewound. The sizing machine with perfect key functions for even sizing, perfect thread tension and with right degree of drying will ensure superior quality fabric production.
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