Varieties of seats Toilet seats come in a wide variety of shapes, from the normal molded wood to the more expensive[citation needed] plastic oval seat to the opened-front seat often seen in public restrooms. They can be made of porcelain, plastic, steel, ivory or molded wood. 'Up or down' debate Because females do not typically raise the seat for anything other than cleaning, this generates debate among cohabitating members of the opposite sex. Frequently, the male(s) is/are expected by the female user(s) to ensure that the seat is always lowered after use. An efficiency study on whether the seat should be left up or down after use is available at: The Troublesome Toilet Seat: Up or Down? Three Schemes Another line of reasoning holds that the appearance of the toilet, and by extension the bathroom, is more esthetically pleasing when the lid is left down between use, conforming to the designed appearance of the toilet. According to research by Dr. Charles Gerba, a toilet sprays droplets of the toilet's contents when it is flushed. He used a strobe light to shoot a time-lapse photograph of a flush and captured the evidence. More information can be found in the New York Times article available at: Styles of seat Toilet seats come in multiple styles, depending on the style of the toilet itself. They are also built to fit the shape of the toilet bowl; two examples of this being the elongated bowl and the regular bowl. They are manufactured in a range of different styles and colors. Toilet seats are sold at any store that carries plumbing products. The price varies quite considerably. Some metal toilets, such as those in many jails and prisons, have built-in toilet seats that do not lift, so that the inmate cannot fashion it into a weapon or escape tool. Split Toilet Seats In most commercial applications, at least in the United States, a split seat is used. This type of toilet seat has a gap in the front of it. This was allegedly required in the early 1970's by OSHA, but by the late 70's, this requirement was done away with. Despite this requirement no longer being in effect, one will almost always find a split seat in a commercial building, and almost never in homes. The purpose of the split is a subject of debate. Some say that it is so that a man who does not lift the seat to urinate and "dribbles" at the end will not get urine on the seat, but rather it will fall in the gap. Another thought is that the gap exists so that the genitalia of one user cannot contact the seat and therefore possibly spread disease to a subsequent user if their genitals contact the same area. Most women's rooms in public buildings also have a split seat, probably for purposes of uniformity, so that the contractors do not have to stock different styles of seat for the two different applications. In the home Toilet seats found in homes and homelike settings generally have fully circular seats with no gap. The majority are white, but they are available in a variety of colors and styles that can be custom purchased to fit the design of the particular bathroom. Some are made of various types of fancy wooden materials, like oak or walnut, and others are made soft for added comfort. At various times, printed seats, with multi-colored designs, such as floral or newsprint, have been fashionable. In public facilities In the USA and Canada A black toilet seat in a public washroom The toilet seats commonly seen in public washrooms in North America are designed differently in order to ensure better sanitation. They are usually made with a gap in the front-center and no cover, which reduces the amount of spatter and eases the job of cleaning for janitorial staff. In the early 20th century, it was fairly commonplace for toilet seats found in public restrooms to be black. However, since the second half of the century, the general preference in the United States has been to construct public restrooms with white toilet seats, thereby giving a brighter appearance. While some black toilet seats in the U.S. remain in some older restrooms, some U.S. jurisdictions, including the states of Maryland and Florida, have banned them from being installed in new restrooms, or from being used as replacements in existing ones, as they have been found to mask unsanitary conditions. Some places have actually considered laws that would require black toilet seats in public restrooms to be retrofitted with white ones. But these laws have been opposed by restroom owners for being costly. Still, black toilet seats remain commonplace in other U.S. states, such as Pennsylvania. In Canada, however, the preference for toilet seats in public washrooms continues to be black. Even newly built modern washrooms in most of Canada usually feature black toilet seats. Modern design and function The 21st century has seen a new wave of toilet seats introduced, for both style and technology. High tech toilet seats sometimes include a large number of features, including a bidet, a blow drier, and a heated seat. Humor The toilet seat functions as a comic staple for sight gags relating to toilet humor. The most common is someone staggering out of a bathroom after an explosion with a toilet seat around his neck. In the television show Dead Like Me, George Lass, the main character, is killed when a zero-G toilet seat from space station Mir re-enters the atmosphere. The Half-Life 2 Deathmatch game represents object oriented frags with a flying toilet icon. Brands of toilet seats in the USA American Standard Brands (Crane Plumbing) Bemis Manufacturing Company Beneke Centoco Church Eljer Kohler Company Mayfair Olsonite Pressalit Sperzel Toto Ltd. Westport NAVY's $600 Toilet Seat The P-3C Orion antisubmarine aircraft went into service in 1962. Twenty-five years later it was determined that the toilet shroud, the cover that fits over the toilet needed replacement. Since the airplane was out of production this would require new tooling to produce. These on-board toilets required a uniquely shaped, molded fiberglass shroud that had to satisfy specifications for the vibration resistance, weight, and durability. The molds had to be specially made as it had been decades since their original production. The price reflected the design work and the cost of the equipment to manufacture them. Lockheed Corp. charged $34,560 for 54 toilet covers or $640 each. President Reagan held a televised news conference in 1987, where he held up one of these shrouds and stated: "We didn't buy any $600 toilet seat. We bought a $600 molded plastic cover for the entire toilet system." A Pentagon spokesman, Glenn Flood stated, "The original price we were charged was $640, not just for a toilet seat, but for the large molded plastic assembly covering the entire seat, tank and full toilet assembly. The seat itself cost $9 and some cents. The supplier charged too much, and we had the amount corrected." The president of Lockheed at the time, Lawrence Kitchen, adjusted to the price to $100 each and returned $29,165. "This action is intended to put to rest an artificial issue," Kitchen stated. References ^ a b http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960748,00.html?iid=chix-sphere ^ "But It Would Be Wrong" By: William Safire The San Francisco Chronicle Sunday, April 20th, 1986 See also Toilet seat cover External links - an examination of the toilet seat up vs down scenario by Hammad Siddiqi Isotope Comics in San Francisco - home of the Comics Rockstar Toilet Seat Museum v d e Bathrooms Bathroom types Aircraft lavatory Communal shower Head (watercraft) Outhouse Rest area Sanisette Specific bathrooms Ancient Bath House of Nazareth Geibeltbad Pirna Hamam al-Sammara Porcelain Palace Toilets Accessible toilet Blair toilet Board toilet Chemical toilet Composting toilet Flush toilet Gender-neutral toilet Hudo Incinerating toilet Latrine Passenger train toilets Pay toilet Pit toilet Portable toilet Space toilet Squat toilet Equipment Bathtub Bidet Hand dryer Paper towel dispenser Shower Soap dispenser Toilet brush Toilet paper Toilet roll holder Toilet seat Toilet seat cover Towel Urinal Employees Bathroom attendant Janitor Toilet granny Politics Birmingham Baths Committee Committee to End Pay Toilets in America Loo of the Year Award Privatization of public toilets Related Bathroom privileges Changeroom Categories: ToiletsHidden categories: Articles needing cleanup from October 2007 | All pages needing cleanup | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2009
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